Lossy compression
Lossy compression uses perceptual coding to throw away data. Perceptual coding refers to generally two systems:
- The human vision system.
- The human auditory system.
Perceptual Algorithms are designed to remove information that humans will not notice.
Subsampling
Subsampling exploits the fact that humans are more sensitive to luminance than chrominance (color). The JPEG algorithm (amongst others) uses subsampling to throw away color information. Although color information is lost, it is difficult for humans to percieve the difference between the original image and an image with subsampled color. Of course this is dependent on the level of subsampling. Commonly used image subsampling values are / 2, / 4, / 8. Subsampling is used in all modern video codecs.
Quantization
Quantization is the process of throwing away high frequency data.