LOCO: Difference between revisions

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* [http://www.jpeg.org/public/fcd14495p.pdf FCD14495] (JPEG-LS final comittee draft)
* [http://www.jpeg.org/public/fcd14495p.pdf FCD14495] (JPEG-LS final comittee draft)
* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/loco/ http://www.hpl.hp.com/loco/] (LOCO-I description)
* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/loco/ http://www.hpl.hp.com/loco/] (LOCO-I description)
== Decoding Process ==
# get predictor
# decode residue
# output predictor minus residue as new pixel
== Prediction ==
if we predict pixel X we use such context:
  +---+---+
  | C | A |
  +---+---+
  | B | X |
  +---+---+
 
There are four cases:
* A,B,C are unavailable (X is top left pixel) - use 128 as prediction value
* A and C are unavailable (X is in the top line) - use B as predictor
* B and C are unavailable (X is in the first column) - use A as predictor
* A,B,C are available (this one is JPEG-LS prediction scheme):
** if C >= max(A,B) then use min(A,B) as predictor
** if C <= min(A,B) then use max(A,B) as predictor
** else use (A+B-C) as predictor
== Residue Decoding ==
Residue decoding is based on Rice codes. There are some differences though:
* Numbers are stored as their absolute value in Rice code and one trailing bit shows their sign - 0 for positive, 1 for negative integers
* Rice parameter is not static but updates every time
If there is lossy compression mode, then add loss value:
if(val > 0)val += loss
if(val < 0)val -= loss
== Rice Code Decoding ==
* Get standard Rice code with given parameter
* It new code is zero
** If we have some saved bits:
*** Get Rice(2) code meaning run length of zeroes
*** If run length is more than one then add (run_length + 1) bits to saved bit, else substract 3 from saved bits
** Else increment decode_run_length
* If new code is non-zero:
** If decode_run_length > 2 then add it to saved bits, else substract 3 from saved bits
** Set decode_run_length to zero
* Return new code
== Rice Code Parameter Updating ==
Rice decoder choses its parameter based on two things - sum of absolute values of decoded residues and their number. To avoid overflow if count went up to sixteen then halve both count and sum.
Rice parameter is log2(sum/number) clamped to interval [0..9]
[[Category:Video Codecs]]
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== Decoding Process ==
== Decoding Process ==

Revision as of 21:59, 23 March 2006

This page is originally based on a description written by User:Kostya.

LOCO codec written by Mohammad Rezaei and based on JPEG-LS lossy/lossless compression scheme, originally known as LOCO-I.

More information on LOCO-I can be found on:

Decoding Process

  1. get predictor
  2. decode residue
  3. output predictor minus residue as new pixel

Prediction

if we predict pixel X we use such context:

  +---+---+
  | C | A |
  +---+---+
  | B | X |
  +---+---+
  

There are four cases:

  • A,B,C are unavailable (X is top left pixel) - use 128 as prediction value
  • A and C are unavailable (X is in the top line) - use B as predictor
  • B and C are unavailable (X is in the first column) - use A as predictor
  • A,B,C are available (this one is JPEG-LS prediction scheme):
    • if C >= max(A,B) then use min(A,B) as predictor
    • if C <= min(A,B) then use max(A,B) as predictor
    • else use (A+B-C) as predictor

Residue Decoding

Residue decoding is based on Rice codes. There are some differences though:

  • Numbers are stored as their absolute value in Rice code and one trailing bit shows their sign - 0 for positive, 1 for negative integers
  • Rice parameter is not static but updates every time

If there is lossy compression mode, then add loss value:

if(val > 0)val += loss
if(val < 0)val -= loss

Rice Code Decoding

  • Get standard Rice code with given parameter
  • It new code is zero
    • If we have some saved bits:
      • Get Rice(2) code meaning run length of zeroes
      • If run length is more than one then add (run_length + 1) bits to saved bit, else substract 3 from saved bits
    • Else increment decode_run_length
  • If new code is non-zero:
    • If decode_run_length > 2 then add it to saved bits, else substract 3 from saved bits
    • Set decode_run_length to zero
  • Return new code

Rice Code Parameter Updating

Rice decoder choses its parameter based on two things - sum of absolute values of decoded residues and their number. To avoid overflow if count went up to sixteen then halve both count and sum.

Rice parameter is log2(sum/number) clamped to interval [0..9]


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Decoding Process

  1. get predictor
  2. decode residue
  3. output predictor minus residue as new pixel

Prediction

if we predict pixel X we use such context:

  +---+---+
  | C | A |
  +---+---+
  | B | X |
  +---+---+
  

There are four cases:

  • A,B,C are unavailable (X is top left pixel) - use 128 as prediction value
  • A and C are unavailable (X is in the top line) - use B as predictor
  • B and C are unavailable (X is in the first column) - use A as predictor
  • A,B,C are available (this one is JPEG-LS prediction scheme):
    • if C >= max(A,B) then use min(A,B) as predictor
    • if C <= min(A,B) then use max(A,B) as predictor
    • else use (A+B-C) as predictor

Residue Decoding

Residue decoding is based on Rice codes. There are some differences though:

  • Numbers are stored as their absolute value in Rice code and one trailing bit shows their sign - 0 for positive, 1 for negative integers
  • Rice parameter is not static but updates every time

If there is lossy compression mode, then add loss value:

if(val > 0)val += loss
if(val < 0)val -= loss

Rice Code Decoding

  • Get standard Rice code with given parameter
  • It new code is zero
    • If we have some saved bits:
      • Get Rice(2) code meaning run length of zeroes
      • If run length is more than one then add (run_length + 1) bits to saved bit, else substract 3 from saved bits
    • Else increment decode_run_length
  • If new code is non-zero:
    • If decode_run_length > 2 then add it to saved bits, else substract 3 from saved bits
    • Set decode_run_length to zero
  • Return new code

Rice Code Parameter Updating

Rice decoder choses its parameter based on two things - sum of absolute values of decoded residues and their number. To avoid overflow if count went up to sixteen then halve both count and sum.

Rice parameter is log2(sum/number) clamped to interval [0..9]