H.264 Prediction: Difference between revisions

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(Merge DC-top, DC-left, and DC-128 into DC. They aren't logically separate, and don't have their own mode numbers.)
m (→‎Plane: correct variable names)
Line 348: Line 348:
   L15 | c[ 0,15]  c[ 1,15]  c[ 2,15]  ..  c[15,15]
   L15 | c[ 0,15]  c[ 1,15]  c[ 2,15]  ..  c[15,15]


Compute H and V as:
Compute H' and V':
  H' = 1* (T8 - T6) +
  H' = 1* (T8 - T6) +
       2* (T9 - T5) +
       2* (T9 - T5) +

Revision as of 10:01, 21 July 2008

This page documents the various prediction methods used in H.264 and related formats such as Sorenson Video 3 and RealVideo 4.

4x4 Prediction Modes

4x4 prediction modes vary between different codecs. While they are almost the same for H.264 and Sorenson Video 3, RealVideo 4 has a different order for these modes and some of them significantly differ from H.264 counterparts (by using left predictors where H.264 does not and down left predictors which are not used elsewhere).

Vertical

  • H.264: mode 0
  • SVQ3: mode 0
  • RV40: mode 1
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 | T0  T1  T2  T3
 L1 | T0  T1  T2  T3
 L2 | T0  T1  T2  T3
 L3 | T0  T1  T2  T3

Horizontal

  • H.264: mode 1
  • SVQ3: mode 1
  • RV40: mode 2
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 | L0  L0  L0  L0
 L1 | L1  L1  L1  L1
 L2 | L2  L2  L2  L2
 L3 | L3  L3  L3  L3

DC

  • H.264: mode 2
  • SVQ3: mode 2
  • RV40: mode 0
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   a   a   a
 L1 |  a   a   a   a
 L2 |  a   a   a   a
 L3 |  a   a   a   a

where:

if top and left predictors are available
  a = (T0 + T1 + T2 + T3 + L0 + L1 + L2 + L3 + 4) / 8
else if top predictors are available
  a = (T0 + T1 + T2 + T3 + 2) / 4
else if left predictors are available
  a = (L0 + L1 + L2 + L3 + 2) / 4
else
  a = 128

Diagonal Down/Left

  • H.264: mode 3
  • SVQ3: not used
  • RV40: not used
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  T5  T6  T7
-------------------------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  b   c   d   e
 L2 |  c   d   e   f
 L3 |  d   e   f   g

where:

 a = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + 2) / 4
 b = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + 2) / 4
 c = (T2 + 2*T3 + T4 + 2) / 4
 d = (T3 + 2*T4 + T5 + 2) / 4
 e = (T4 + 2*T5 + T6 + 2) / 4
 f = (T5 + 2*T6 + T7 + 2) / 4
 g = (T6 + 3*T7      + 2) / 4

Diagonal Down/Left (SVQ3)

  • H.264: not used
  • SVQ3: mode 3
  • RV40: not used
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   c
 L1 |  b   c   c   c
 L2 |  c   c   c   c
 L3 |  c   c   c   c

where:

 a = (L1 + T1) / 2
 b = (L2 + T2) / 2
 c = (L3 + T3) / 2

Diagonal Down/Left (RV40)

  • H.264: not used
  • SVQ3: not used
  • RV40: mode 4
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  T5  T6  T7
-------------------------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  b   c   d   e
 L2 |  c   d   e   f
 L3 |  d   e   f   g
 L4 |
 L5 |
 L6 |
 L7 |


where:

 a = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + L0 + 2*L1 + L2 + 4) / 8
 b = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + L1 + 2*L2 + L3 + 4) / 8
 c = (T2 + 2*T3 + T4 + L2 + 2*L3 + L4 + 4) / 8
 d = (T3 + 2*T4 + T5 + L3 + 2*L4 + L5 + 4) / 8
 e = (T4 + 2*T5 + T6 + L4 + 2*L5 + L6 + 4) / 8
 f = (T5 + 2*T6 + T7 + L5 + 2*L6 + L7 + 4) / 8
 g = (T6 +   T7      + L6 +   L7      + 2) / 4

Diagonal Down/Right

  • H.264: mode 4
  • SVQ3: mode 4
  • RV40: mode 3
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  d   e   f   g
 L1 |  c   d   e   f
 L2 |  b   c   d   e
 L3 |  a   b   c   d

where:

 a = (L3 + 2*L2 + L1 + 2) / 4
 b = (L2 + 2*L1 + L0 + 2) / 4
 c = (L1 + 2*L0 + LT + 2) / 4
 d = (L0 + 2*LT + T0 + 2) / 4
 e = (LT + 2*T0 + T1 + 2) / 4
 f = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + 2) / 4
 g = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + 2) / 4

Vertical/Right

  • H.264: mode 5
  • SVQ3: mode 5
  • RV40: mode 5
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  e   f   g   h
 L2 |  i   a   b   c
 L3 |  j   e   f   g

where:

 a = (LT + T0 + 1) / 2
 b = (T0 + T1 + 1) / 2
 c = (T1 + T2 + 1) / 2
 d = (T2 + T3 + 1) / 2
 e = (L0 + 2*LT + T0 + 2) / 4
 f = (LT + 2*T0 + T1 + 2) / 4
 g = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + 2) / 4
 h = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + 2) / 4
 i = (LT + 2*L0 + L1 + 2) / 4
 j = (L0 + 2*L1 + L2 + 2) / 4

Horizontal/Down

  • H.264: mode 6
  • SVQ3: mode 6
  • RV40: mode 8
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  e   f   a   b
 L2 |  g   h   e   f
 L3 |  i   j   g   h

where:

 a = (LT + L0 + 1) / 2
 b = (L0 + 2*LT + T0 + 2) / 4
 c = (LT + 2*T0 + T1 + 2) / 4
 d = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + 2) / 4
 e = (L0 + L1 + 1) / 2
 f = (LT + 2*L0 + L1 + 2) / 4
 g = (L1 + L2 + 1) / 2
 h = (L0 + 2*L1 + L2 + 2) / 4
 g = (L2 + L3 + 1) / 2
 j = (L1 + 2*L2 + L3 + 2) / 4

Vertical/Left

  • H.264: mode 7
  • SVQ3: mode 7
  • RV40: mode 6
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  T5  T6  T7
-------------------------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  f   g   h   i
 L2 |  b   c   d   e
 L3 |  g   h   i   j

where:

 a = (T0 + T1 + 1) / 2
 b = (T1 + T2 + 1) / 2
 c = (T2 + T3 + 1) / 2
 d = (T3 + T4 + 1) / 2
 e = (T4 + T5 + 1) / 2
 f = (T0 + 2*T1 + T2 + 2) / 4
 g = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + 2) / 4
 h = (T2 + 2*T3 + T4 + 2) / 4
 i = (T3 + 2*T4 + T5 + 2) / 4
 j = (T4 + 2*T5 + T6 + 2) / 4

For RV40 two coefficients differ:

 a = (2*T0 + 2*T1 + L1 + 2*L2 +   L3 +      4) / 8
 f = (  T0 + 2*T1 + T2 +   L2 + 2*L3 + L4 + 4) / 8

Horizontal/Up

  • H.264: mode 8
  • SVQ3: mode 8
  • RV40: not used
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  c   d   e   f
 L2 |  e   f   g   g
 L3 |  g   g   g   g

where:

 a = (L0 + L1 + 1) / 2
 b = (L0 + 2*L1 + L2 + 2) / 4
 c = (L1 + L2 + 1) / 2
 d = (L1 + 2*L2 + L3 + 2) / 4
 e = (L2 + L3 + 1) / 2
 f = (L2 + 2*L3 + L3 + 2) / 4
 g = L3

Horizontal/Up (RV40)

  • H.264: not used
  • SVQ3: not used
  • RV40: mode 7
 LT | T0  T1  T2  T3
---------------------
 L0 |  a   b   c   d
 L1 |  c   d   e   f
 L2 |  e   f   g   h
 L3 |  g   h   i   j
 L4 |
 L5 |
 L6 |
 L7 |

where:

 a = (T1 + 2*T2 + T3 + 2*L0 + 2*L1 +      4) / 8
 b = (T2 + 2*T3 + T4 +   L0 + 2*L1 + L2 + 4) / 8
 c = (T3 + 2*T4 + T5 + 2*L1 + 2*L2 +      4) / 8
 d = (T4 + 2*T5 + T6 +   L1 + 2*L2 + L3 + 4) / 8
 e = (T5 + 2*T6 + T7 + 2*L2 + 2*L3 +      4) / 8
 f = (T6 + 3*T7 +        L2 + 3*L3 +      4) / 8
 g = (T6 +   T7 +        L3 +   L4      + 2) / 4
 h = (                   L3 + 2*L4 + L5 + 2) / 4
 i = (                   L4 +   L5      + 1) / 2
 j = (                   L4 + 2*L5 + L6 + 2) / 4

16x16 Prediction Modes

DC

  • H.264: mode 0
  • SVQ3: mode 0
  • RV40: mode 0

Using the 16 top predictors (T0..T15) and the 16 left predictors (L0..L15), set all 256 elements to the mean, computed as:

if top and left predictors are available
  mean = (sum(T0..T15) + sum(L0..L15) + 16) / 32
else if top predictors are available
  mean = (sum(T0..T15) + 8) / 16
else if left predictors are available
  mean = (sum(L0..L15) + 8) / 16
else
  mean = 128

Vertical

  • H.264: mode 1
  • SVQ3: mode 1
  • RV40: mode 1
  LT | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15
-------------------------- .. -----
  L0 | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15
  L1 | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15
  L2 | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15
 ......
 L15 | T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15

Horizontal

  • H.264: mode 2
  • SVQ3: mode 2
  • RV40: mode 2
  LT |  T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  ..  T15
--------------------------- .. -----
  L0 |  L0  L0  L0  L0  L0  ..   L0
  L1 |  L1  L1  L1  L1  L1  ..   L1
  L2 |  L2  L2  L2  L2  L2  ..   L2
 ......
 L15 | L15 L15 L15 L15 L15  ..  L15

Plane

  • H.264: mode 3
  • SVQ3: mode 3
  • RV40: mode 3

Notice that SVQ3 and RV40 follow a slightly different method here.

Given the top predictors (T0..T15), left predictors (L0..L15) and the left-top corner predictor (LT) arranged as follows:

  LT |    T0        T1        T2     ..    T15
-----------------------------------  ..  --------
  L0 | c[ 0, 0]  c[ 1, 0]  c[ 2, 0]  ..  c[15, 0]
  L1 | c[ 0, 1]  c[ 1, 1]  c[ 2, 1]  ..  c[15, 1]
 ......
 L15 | c[ 0,15]  c[ 1,15]  c[ 2,15]  ..  c[15,15]

Compute H' and V':

H' = 1* (T8 - T6) +
     2* (T9 - T5) +
     3*(T10 - T4) +
     4*(T11 - T3) +
     5*(T12 - T2) +
     6*(T13 - T1) +
     7*(T14 - T0) +
     8*(T15 - LT)
V' = 1* (L8 - L6) +
     2* (L9 - L5) +
     3*(L10 - L4) +
     4*(L11 - L3) +
     5*(L12 - L2) +
     6*(L13 - L1) +
     7*(L14 - L0) +
     8*(L15 - LT)

For H.264, compute H and V as:

 H = (5*H' + 32) / 64
 V = (5*V' + 32) / 64

For SVQ3, compute H and V as:

 V = (5*(H'/4)) / 16
 H = (5*(V'/4)) / 16 
 (notice that V and H are computed from H' and V', respectively)

For RV40, compute H and V as:

 H = (5*(H' >> 2)) >> 4
 V = (5*(V' >> 2)) >> 4 
 (like SVQ3 but without swapping and it's important to use shifts here instead of divisions)

The final process for filling in the 16x16 block is:

 a = 16 * (L15 + T15 + 1) - 7*(V+H)
 for (j = 0..15)
   for (i = 0..15)
     b = a + V * j + H * i
     c[i,j] = SATURATE_U8(b / 32)

The SATURATE_U8() function indicates that the result of the operation should be bounded to an unsigned 8-bit range (0..255).