Basic Git usage: Difference between revisions

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= WANTED =
= WANTED =


When submitting a set of patches, it is common to want to go back and edit one of the intermediate commits depending on feedback for the patches. This process involves something like:
(Note: When using the following method, I wholly expect it uses the $EDITOR environment variable so make sure it's set to your text editor of choice.)
* Revert to the commit before the one that needs to be edited.
* Apply the patch without committing, edit the code.
* Commit the new code, make a new patch.
* Merge subsequent commits (the patches that followed).


People have suggested using 'quilt' but I wanted to use Git to see if it could handle such a process. it has been suggested that the following approach should work:
When submitting a set of patches to be applied in order, it is common to want to go back and edit one of the intermediate commits depending on feedback for the patches. This process can be easily achieved using the marvellous git-rebase:


HEAD is the state of the code after application of all the patches (i.e. when you ran <code>git-format-patches origin</code>) so we want to revert to the commit before the patch that needs to be edited. You could make a new branch at version HEAD - n:
git-rebase -i <commit preceding the ones in which interested>
git-branch <name of branch> HEAD~n


Then switch to that branch:
This will display a list of the commits from the one after that specified and HEAD and gives you the opportunity to remove commits, reorder them, edit them and 'squash' a commit into the one preceding it. When you've edited this list accordingly you should be presented with those commits that were requested to be edited, or need editing, in order. Cool, huh? :)
git-checkout <name of branch>
 
Reapply the patch without committing (using <code>git-apply</code>, not <code>git-am</code>), edit the code appropriately, then commit again. Then we want to merge in (some of?) the subsequent commits. We can cherry pick the HEAD-n th commit from another branch (not preserving history!) as follows:
git-cherry-pick <name of branch>~n
(Note: cherry pick can only apply to a clean branch, that is where there are no alterations since the HEAD commit)
 
Maybe there is a better procedure but this seems to make sense, even if it seems a little cumbersome.

Revision as of 07:06, 28 January 2008

Fundamentals

Initial checkout:

git-clone git://git.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg ffmpeg-git

Update:

git-pull

Make some changes, revert to head on master branch:

git-reset --hard HEAD

Make a branch:

git-branch <name of branch>

Switch to a branch (make it the active branch such that source files reflect the source in that branch):

git-checkout <name of branch>

Delete a branch:

git-branch -D <name of branch>


Guis and helper scripts

http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Git_Guis

git-*.sh at http://www1.mplayerhq.hu/~reimar/

Working on a series of incremental, dependent patches

Edit some files making functional changes. Commit changes locally - prompted for a commit message using $EDITOR to write it

git-commit -a

Edit some files making cosmetic changes and commit again.

git-commit -a

Prepare patches for e-mail submission (this creates the patches numbered and in order for easy submission):

git-format-patch origin

Generate a diff of branch 2 against branch 1 (i.e. branch 1 + patch = branch 2)

git-diff <name of branch 1> <name of branch 2>

Apply a git-diff style patch in a working Git tree:

git-am foo.patch

Apply a git-diff style patch in any working directory containing the correct source files to be patched:

git-apply foo.patch

(Note: git-am will create a new commit using the extra metadata for the commit message, etc. whereas git-apply just patches the files)

Revert the last n (where n is a positive int) commits from the active branch:

git-reset --hard HEAD~n

get a hack out of the way

You probably need a fairly new version of git for this feature.

To quickly get rid of some local, non-committed changes:

git-stash

To get them back again:

git-stash apply

WANTED

(Note: When using the following method, I wholly expect it uses the $EDITOR environment variable so make sure it's set to your text editor of choice.)

When submitting a set of patches to be applied in order, it is common to want to go back and edit one of the intermediate commits depending on feedback for the patches. This process can be easily achieved using the marvellous git-rebase:

git-rebase -i <commit preceding the ones in which interested>

This will display a list of the commits from the one after that specified and HEAD and gives you the opportunity to remove commits, reorder them, edit them and 'squash' a commit into the one preceding it. When you've edited this list accordingly you should be presented with those commits that were requested to be edited, or need editing, in order. Cool, huh? :)