VGM

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VGM (presumably from VideoGraM since originally this format was used for sending short video messages from one user to another) aka XVD (eXtended-play Video Disc) is a format that includes VGM Audio codec and VGM Video codec.

There are some historical variants:

Timeline:

VGM1 Format

This format uses big-endian data in its structure and intended to be used with Muzip 1-4, TELP, VT and Domen codecs.

Container format:

 4 bytes - file size (may be zero)
 4 bytes - duration in milliseconds
 4 bytes - "head" marker
 4 bytes - header size
 1 byte  - number of streams
 (header_size - 1) bytes - stream headers
 4 bytes - "data" marker
 data packets

Stream header format:

 1 byte  - codec name length
 N bytes - codec name
 1 byte  - stream ID
 4 bytes - codec ID
 4 bytes - codec priority
 4 bytes - codec extradata

Packet header:

 1 byte  - stream ID
 4 bytes - timestamp in milliseconds
 4 bytes - data size

VGM2 Format

This format uses little-endian integers

 4 bytes - "VGM2"
 4 bytes - file size (may be zero)
 4 bytes - duration in milliseconds
 1 byte  - number of streams
 1 byte  - file comment length
 N bytes - file comment (usually "Created by BHA dumper")
 1 bytes - string terminator?
 stream headers
 data packets

Stream header:

 1 byte  - stream type
 4 bytes - codec ID
 4 bytes - stream header extradata size
 extradata

Stream types:

 1    - audio stream
 2    - video stream
 5    - stream with end-of-stream marker (single packet almost at the end of file), maybe other system messages
 6    - stream with seek table (?), also single packet at the end of file
 >128 - just some padding that occurs time from time

Packet header:

 1 byte - stream number (in the order they appear in the header)
 1 byte - flags
 2/4 bytes - timestamp in milliseconds (4 bytes if bit 2 in flags is set, 2 bytes otherwise)
 2/4 bytes - packet size including the header (4 bytes if bit 1 in flags is set, 2 bytes otherwise)
 2/4 bytes - some size for video streams only, maybe second field or for P+B frame combination (4 bytes if bit 1 in flags is set, 2 bytes otherwise). Usually it is zero.

Known codec IDs and their headers

  • 3 - Muzip first version
  • 4 - TELP
  • 5..9 - Muzip
  • 0xAC3 - AC-3
  • 0x010001 - VT
  • 0x010002 - Domen
  • 0x010006 - V2K
  • 0x010007 - V2K-II
  • 0x010027 - probably XVD 1.x
  • 0x110027 - XVD 2.4
  • 0x210027 - XVD 2.5

Audio and video header have the same format in VGM 1 and 2 except that in version 2 there are two additional 4-byte fields in the beginning that can be ignored. All data is in little-endian format.

Audio header:

 2 bytes - should be 0x300
 2 bytes - number of channels
 4 bytes - sampling rate

For Muzip starting at byte 18 there is also codec sub-flavour, known flavours are CTP03-CTP07 and MZIP13R (for the latest known version).

Video header:

 2 bytes - width
 2 bytes - height
 4 bytes - unknown
 (the rest is for newer versions only)
 4 bytes - width
 4 bytes - height
 4 bytes - bitrate
 4 bytes - frames per second